Do countries have additional area codes?

Someone called me from an 11 digit number, the last 10 digits should be the area code + number, so whats the first one?Do countries have additional area codes?
It works like this:

Country code + city code + city sub-code (district) + person's phone number. The actual amount of numbers is different in different parts of the world.Do countries have additional area codes?
In USA/Canada, country code is 1

x-xxx-xxx-xxxx

(country code)-(area code)(local exchange)(subscriber)